Is it better to fast or eat small meals?

Introduction

Is it better to fast or eat small meals? Obesity and overweight have become a global epidemic. Due to several adverse health effects associated with obesity various dietary patterns are promoted as miracle cures for weight loss.

One of these dietary patterns is intermittent fasting (IF) which has become very popular recently. However, studies indicate that decreasing total calorie intake and consuming fewer large meals is more effective in weight loss than IF.

So, is it better to fast or eat small meals throughout the day?

Intermittent fasting has benefits (such as improved blood sugar and longevity), and eating regular small meals has benefits (such as improved satiety and metabolism and stabilized blood sugar).

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What is Intermittent Fasting?

Intermittent fasting is a type of dietary pattern in which there are regular periods of fasting and eating. Usually, the focus of dietary plans is on what things to eat but the focus of IF is on when you should eat.

In IF you must eat only during a certain time window and fast during the remaining time.

Is it better to fast or eat small meals? Studies have found that intermittent fasting benefits overall health and weight management, though more research is needed.

Intermittent Fasting Techniques

There are different methods to practice intermittent fasting, though they all involve breaking the day/week into fasting and eating periods/windows.

During the fasting window, you do not eat anything. You can take zero-calorie beverages such as water, black coffee, or green tea. During the eating window, you take a normal, healthy, well-balanced diet.

Some of the popular intermittent fasting methods are:

The 16/8 IF approach

This method involves a 16-hour fasting window and an 8-hour eating window. The difference between eating small meals every 2 hours and the 16/8 IF method is that in the former you eat small meals every two hours throughout the day whereas in the latter you eat only during an 8-hour window for instance between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. during the day and fast during the remaining time.

The 5:2 approach

This involves eating a normal and healthy diet for five days while limiting your calories to 500-600 calories for the remaining two days during a week. Eat one 300-calorie and one 200-calorie meal on days you are fasting. You may choose your fasting days as Monday and Thursday and eat normal food on the other days.

Eat-stop-eat 

This approach involves complete fasting for 24 hours one or two times a week. You eat a healthy, normal diet during the other days (non-fasting). Since this approach is an advanced form of IF, you should try this only if you can practice other methods of IF comfortably.

Benefits of Intermittent Fasting

So, which is better: eating every 2 hours versus intermittent fasting? Both methods have their benefits. Intermittent fasting can lead to the following health benefits:

Weight loss

Research suggests that if done safely, intermittent fasting can be a potent weight loss technique. However, the studies done are small, and more research is needed. Furthermore, weight loss due to IF occurs as it helps in restricting your calorie intake. But if your calorie intake during the eating window is high you may have difficulty losing weight.

Effect on Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin hormone resulting in high blood glucose levels. Intermittent fasting can help reduce insulin resistance; thereby, protecting against the development of diabetes type 2.

Brain health

Animal studies show that fasting helps increase memory and growth of nerve cells.

Heart health

Fasting or small meals? Intermittent fasting helps improve blood pressure and reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Intermittent fasting may also improve overall heart health by reducing the risk factors for heart disease such as high blood pressure, obesity, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol levels.

Side Effects of Intermittent Fasting

Which is better: Intermittent fasting or 6 small meals? Though intermittent fasting has multiple health benefits, it may cause certain side effects, too.

• Headache
• Low energy levels
• Fatigue
• Hunger
• Irritability

You may feel that your brain is not performing as proficient as it used to be and have a feeling of general weakness.

These side effects are usually temporary and gradually reduce as the body adapts to the new eating pattern.

Risks of Intermittent Fasting

Is it better to fast or eat small meals? People practice intermittent fasting to address different health concerns. Some may use it to lose weight, while others may use it to manage chronic medical conditions, including high cholesterol and high blood sugar levels.

However, IF can be dangerous for some individuals. Before beginning any new dietary plan including intermittent fasting you should consult your primary health care physician.

The following people should not try intermittent fasting:

• Teens and children below the age of 18 years
• Pregnant and breastfeeding people
• People with diabetes type 1 and who are on insulin
• People with a personal history of eating disorder

You should talk to your doctor before trying intermittent fasting if you:

• Have diabetes
• Have low blood pressure
• Are underweight
• Take medicines
• Are trying to get pregnant
• Are undergoing perimenopausal changes

What to Eat During Intermittent Fasting?

During the fasting window, zero-calorie drinks such as water, black tea, and coffee are allowed. During the eating window, you can take a healthy, well-balanced, and nutritious diet. Eat leafy greens, lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and veggies.

Avoid high-calorie processed foods that are loaded with added sugars and trans-fats.

Is it Better to Fast or Eat Small Meals?

According to a new study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, reducing total calorie intake and consuming fewer large meals throughout the day may be more effective in weight loss and general weight management than IF (intermittent fasting).

The study demonstrated that total calorie intake has a more significant role to play in weight management in comparison to the timing of your eating.

Furthermore, there is no mention of any clear preference for either fasting or small meals in The American Heart Association's statement for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Benefits of Eating Small Frequent Meals

Does eating every 2 hours work? According to studies, eating multiple small meals has the following health benefits:

• Improves satiety or a feeling of fullness after a meal
• Prevents overeating or binge eating
• Prevents weakness or low energy levels
• Stabilizes blood sugar levels
• Increases metabolism of the body

Role of Meal Frequency on Athletic Performance

Multiple meals versus intermittent fasting? It has been found that eating frequent, small meals can be beneficial for athletes.

Eating small meals every 2 hours containing adequate protein may benefit athletes who are on a low-calorie diet as it helps preserve their lean muscle mass. Furthermore, eating more frequently may promote athletic performance, boost body composition, and increase fat loss. 

Meal Frequency and Diet Quality

Multiple meals versus intermittent fasting? Eating small meals more frequently throughout the day makes it more likely for you to have a better-quality diet. You are more likely to consume more greens, veggies, fruits, legumes, dairy, and whole grains. You will consume less added sugars and sodium.

How to Lose Weight?

Weight loss should be a gradual process. Various factors may affect your weight management including any pre-existing medical condition, medicines you take, stress, age, environment, and genes.

The five steps to attain a healthier weight include:

Understand the reason for your weight loss

For example, you may want to reach a healthy weight to get more physical activity. Knowing your reason for losing weight will help you in staying focused.

Track your present situation

This can help you to find out the measures you can take to promote your health. You can keep track of the following:

Nutrition: Make a food diary and note down what, when, and how much you are eating. This will help you find your total calorie intake, the types of food you are eating, the triggers that make you overeat, etc.

Manage your portion sizes: A serving size and a portion size are two different entities. We often confuse the two and tend to overeat. Learn what is a portion size and try to manage your portion size while eating.

Make smart choices of food: Make healthy and smart food substitutions and choices. Discover how whole grains, veggies, and fruits can help you keep full for a long time.

Do more physical activity: Physical activity can be any activity that speeds up your heart rate, such as walking briskly. You should aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

Sleep: Get at least seven to eight hours of good-quality sleep.

Stress: Practice healthy methods to reduce your stress levels.

Set small goals

Set small achievable goals such as losing three to five of your body weight in a particular time according to your age and activity level.

Find support

Identify friends or family members who can support you in your efforts to lose weight. This will help in sticking to your weight loss program in the long run.

Monitor your weight loss progress

It is very important to assess your progress by reviewing your goals regularly. Always reward yourself if you have completed your goals.

Constituents of a Healthy Diet

• Fruits, veggies, fat-free or low-fat dairy or milk products, and whole grains
• Protein from different sources such as lean meat, poultry and seafood, eggs, seeds, nuts, legumes, and soy products
• Limit cholesterol, added sugars, saturated fats, and trans fats in your diet
• Limit your calorie intake if you want to lose weight and stay physically active

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